Basic Human Needs

Basic Human Needs:  

In the context of educational psychology, three fundamental human needs that must be satisfied for a student to develop motivation are autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These needs are derived from Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which posits that fulfilling these basic needs enhances intrinsic motivation and overall engagement in learning.  

• Autonomy refers to the need for individuals to feel in control of their own actions and decisions. When students perceive that they have a choice in their learning processes—such as selecting topics for projects or methods for completing assignments—they are more likely to exhibit enthusiasm and commitment to their work. Conversely, when autonomy is undermined, students may experience feelings of helplessness and resistance toward learning activities. This lack of control can diminish their motivation, leading to disengagement and lower academic achievement.  

• Competence denotes the individual's desire to feel capable and effective in their endeavors. When students engage with tasks that align with their skill level and receive constructive feedback, they develop a sense of mastery. This reinforces their belief in their abilities and fosters a positive attitude towards future challenges. In contrast, if students frequently encounter tasks that are too difficult or receive negative reinforcement without constructive guidance, they may feel inadequate. This perceived lack of competence can result in decreased motivation, leading to a reluctance to participate in future learning experiences. 

• Relatedness involves the need for social connections and a sense of belonging. Positive relationships with peers and educators create an environment where students feel valued and understood. When students are connected to their learning community, they are more likely to be engaged and motivated to learn. On the other hand, when students feel isolated or disconnected from their peers and instructors, their motivation can wane. Lack of social support may lead to feelings of loneliness, resulting in a decreased interest in participating in classroom activities. 

Meeting the needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness is essential for fostering motivation and engagement in students. When these needs are satisfied, students are empowered to take charge of their learning, feel confident in their abilities, and build meaningful connections with others. Conversely, failing to meet these fundamental needs can lead to reduced motivation and increased disengagement, ultimately hindering students' academic success and overall development.